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Communication Dans Un Congrès Année : 2016

Nanocarb-21: a miniature Fourier-Transform spectro-imaging concept for a daily monitoring of greenhouse gas concentration on the earth surface

Résumé

Earth's positive radiative forcing is significantly accelerated by massive anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases, like carbon dioxide and methane [1]. Since 2014 the concentration of CO2 exceeds 400 parts per million (ppm), and the concentration of CH4 climbs up to 1900 parts per billion (ppb) [2] with a constant annual increase. Thereby it is a major issue to quantify the impact and potential disturbances induced on the geophysical natural carbon cycle. To better constrain climate models, it is important to improve our knowledge of CO2 fluxes between terrestrial reservoirs (biosphere, atmosphere and ocean) and to be able to distinguish natural and anthropogenic sources and sinks of carbon. Currently, a few space missions are dedicated to the monitoring of greenhouse gas concentration, such as OCO and GOSAT, potentially soon relayed by ESA mission CarbonSat and CNES mission MicroCarb. This spatial constellation is backed on ground by a network of stations. The ultimate goal is to be able to monitoring the greenhouse gas emission from local (city) to global scale (Earth) systematically at any time [3]. Nevertheless, the revisit frequency is not yet sufficient to reach a daily coverage. There is also not real continuous sampling of the surface (only obtain by averaging data over time). Within this context we propose the NanoCarb-21 space mission, to complete the observational data flows with high spatially resolved daily data, additionally to the MicroCarb mission. This goal requires a large constellation of satellites in orbit at a given moment. We can realistically achieve this by considering nanosatellites, cheaper to develop, product and launch. It is a huge challenge to make science with a cubesat, considering miniaturization issues of the payload. Thus we cannot aim to be independent of MicroCarb mission and of the existing constellation, for example concerning the limited on-board calibration systems. We present in this paper the design of an ultra-compact imaging spectrometer for the NanoCarb-21 mission, based on the last developments about μSPOC (Spectrometer on Chip) technology at the ONERA and IPAG. We firstly describe the preliminary mission elements in the section II. Then the section III presents the payload, by detailing μSPOC technology, conversion into imaging-spectrometer, and the current optical/implementation design. We finally expose in the sections IV and V our pre-phase-0 studies, consisting in optimizing the design, maximizing the sensitivity, and predicting some performances, according to numerical simulations presented in the section IV.
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Dates et versions

hal-01401371 , version 1 (23-11-2016)

Identifiants

  • HAL Id : hal-01401371 , version 1

Citer

S. Gousset, E. Le Coarer, N. Guerineau, L. Croizé, T. Laveille, et al.. Nanocarb-21: a miniature Fourier-Transform spectro-imaging concept for a daily monitoring of greenhouse gas concentration on the earth surface. ICSO 2016, Oct 2016, BIARRITZ, France. ⟨hal-01401371⟩
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